Knowledge
Guides, a glossary and explainers, without jargon and without recycling marketing material.
Robotics knowledge means guides, explainers and overviews written from manufacturer documentation, standards and reliable trade publications. Just starting out? Pick the text on how a humanoid robot works, what a cobot is or how to read a datasheet. Planning a purchase? Read the texts on prices, total cost of ownership and funding.
The articles are grouped by topic below. Each one links to the model pages, rankings and comparisons where you can check the numbers instead of opinions.
Latest article · Knowledge
What is inside a drone: processor, camera sensor, radio, GNSS, IMU, motors and battery, with examples from iFixit teardowns and repair in Poland.
Read moreKnowledge
A drone under 250 g is not exempt from everything: with a camera it needs registration, and a Plus battery can push it past the insurance limit.
Knowledge
Starting FPV: BetaFPV kits, DJI Avata 2 and Neo, analogue video, DJI O3 and O4, components and rules. Polish shop prices from 16 October 2026.
Knowledge
Agricultural drones in Poland: DJI Agras and XAG in numbers, tank sizes, prices from Polish shops, the specific category and DJI Agriculture service.
Knowledge
Where you cannot fly a drone in Poland: geographical zones, the DroneTower check-in, zone EP R134 on the eastern border and night flight rules.
Knowledge
Drone prices in Poland: 48 models from Polish shops on 16 October 2026, median PLN 1,599 (≈ EUR 365 at NBP rate 4.3716 of 20 October 2026), Fly More Combos, insurance from about PLN 70 (≈ EUR 16) a year.
Knowledge
Choosing a first drone: under 250 g, C0 class, sensor, gimbal and budget. A table of 14 models with Polish shop prices from 16 October 2026.
Knowledge
Drone classes C0–C6 and subcategories A1, A2, A3: what the class label means, where you may fly and what you need. Table with catalogue models.
Knowledge
Who certifies drones C0–C6: five active notified bodies in the NANDO database, no active body in Poland, and how to check a drone's class label.
Knowledge
All 70 drones up to 250 g in our catalogue: C0 class, camera, flight time and Polish shop prices from 16 October 2026. Plus batteries and real mass.
Knowledge
Mandatory liability insurance for drone operators from 250 g to 20 kg in Poland: 50,000 SDR cover, a PLN 4,000 (≈ EUR 915) fine and prices from about PLN 70 (≈ EUR 16) a year.
Knowledge
Operator registration at drony.gov.pl and the A1/A3 exam step by step: who needs it, what it costs and why light drones with cameras need it too.
Knowledge
REK in San Francisco pits VR-piloted Unitree G1 and EngineAI T800 humanoids against each other. How it works, the rules, every event and the legal dispute.
Knowledge
Is there a humanoid robot fighting league in Europe? What a Unitree G1 costs in Poland, Germany and the UK, and which EU rules apply to fight robots.
Knowledge
All documented REK humanoid robot fights in one table: robots, pilots, winners, methods, plus a register of modifications. A source for every row.
Knowledge
Robot mower prices in Poland: PLN 1,792 (≈ EUR 410) to 11,606, median PLN 5,199 (≈ EUR 1,190). What drives the price, promotions seen on 10 October 2026 and extra costs to plan for.
Knowledge
Choosing a window-cleaning robot: square pad or rotating mops, spray, suction, backup battery, frameless glass, noise and prices of ten models.
Knowledge
How to choose a robot lawn mower: wire, RTK or LiDAR, lawn size, slopes and price. A table of 25 models with Polish shop prices from 10 October 2026.
Knowledge
How to choose a robot vacuum: height, LiDAR vs camera navigation, mop and dock types, suction in Pa, noise, plus a table of 28 models with Polish prices.
Knowledge
Which robot mower for a garden up to 500, 1,000, 2,000 m² or larger: catalogue models with navigation and prices from 10 Oct 2026, and why shape matters.
Knowledge
Wire-free robot mowers: how base-station and network RTK, cameras and LiDAR work, where each struggles and which models use them. Prices from 10 Oct 2026.
Knowledge
Robot mowers for slopes: what the slope percentage means, AWD vs 2WD, and which catalogue models handle steep gardens, with prices checked 10 Oct 2026.
Knowledge
Robot vacuums for homes with pets: anti-tangle brushes, suction, pet-mess recognition and docking stations, with Polish prices checked on 10 October 2026.
Knowledge
Robot vacuums under PLN 2,000 (≈ EUR 455) in Poland: what models below PLN 1,000 (≈ EUR 230) and up to PLN 2,000 (≈ EUR 455) offer, which prices are promotions and what paying more adds.
Knowledge
Robot vacuums for studio flats: the lowest models for under furniture, station space, noise and budget picks. Tables by height and price (10 October 2026).
Knowledge
Robot vacuum mops explained: flat pad, vibrating pad, rotating mops and roller, what the dock does with the mop, and how robots deal with carpets.
Knowledge
1X Neo costs $20,000 or a subscription, ships in 2026 on pre-order, and may be steered by a 1X employee inside your home. What that means.
Knowledge
A robot with cameras at work processes personal data. GDPR duties, the stance of Poland's data protection authority (UODO) and a rollout checklist.
Knowledge
Boston Dynamics' electric Atlas: 56 degrees of freedom, 50 kg payload, and production for Hyundai and Google DeepMind starting in 2026.
Knowledge
What Boston Dynamics Spot costs, what the robot dog does in industry, and whether you can buy or rent one in Poland.
Knowledge
AgiBot, UBTech and Fourier Intelligence: three different strategies in China's humanoid robot industry, covering production scale, prices and uses.
Knowledge
Where the da Vinci surgical robot operates in Poland, what a procedure costs and how NFZ funding has changed in recent years.
Knowledge
Doosan Robotics A, E, H, M and P series: payload, applications and distributors of Doosan cobots available in Poland.
Knowledge
The FANUC CRX series from CRX-3iA to CRX-30iA: payload, reach and applications of cobots with 8 years of zero maintenance.
Knowledge
Robotics clubs for kids, automation and robotics degrees, ROS courses for adults: the path into robotics at every stage.
Knowledge
Low unemployment and staff shortages: how humanoid robots could affect Poland's labor market and which jobs change first.
Knowledge
How autonomous cleaning robots work in offices, hotels and shopping malls, and what renting or buying one costs in Poland.
Knowledge
FarmDroid, Poland's Łukasiewicz field robot and AgXeed autonomous tractors: an overview of agricultural robotization in Poland in 2026.
Knowledge
The purchase price is often less than half the cost. What goes into a humanoid robot's TCO, and how to compare it with the cost of an employee.
Knowledge
Unitree Go2: prices of the Air, Pro, X and EDU variants, technical data, and where to buy a quadruped robot in Poland.
Knowledge
UR5e, UR10e and UR20 from Universal Robots: differences in payload, arm reach and price, and which model to choose for which task.
Knowledge
Safety, production rate, flexibility and TCO: practical criteria for choosing between a cobot and a classic industrial robot.
Knowledge
2026 humanoid robot prices: Unitree R1 from $4,900, G1 from $13,500, H1, H2, Tesla Optimus, Figure, 1X Neo, plus what gets added to the sticker price.
Knowledge
Peak vs continuous torque, static vs dynamic payload, battery life under load: how not to be misled by a robot's datasheet.
Knowledge
From defining the application to acceptance of the workstation: seven stages of buying a cobot, and what to look for in an integrator and an offer.
Knowledge
What vision-language-action (VLA) models like GR00T, Helix and Gemini Robotics are, what they can already do, and what remains unsolved.
Knowledge
ISO 10218-1 and -2 in their 2025 editions, what happened to ISO/TS 15066, and Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 from 20 January 2027: what they cover and what it means for buyers in Poland.
Knowledge
Clone Robotics, MAB Robotics, Nomagic, VersaBox and Łukasiewicz – PIAP: an overview of Polish robot builders, with data and sources.
Knowledge
NAO, Photon, LEGO SPIKE, Unitree G1: a guide to the robots used in Polish education and at universities, with buying advice.
Knowledge
BMW, Mercedes, GXO, Amazon, Foxconn: which humanoid robot deployments in factories are real, which are pilots, and which are just PR.
Knowledge
Goldman Sachs, IFR and market analysts versus the skeptics: why humanoid robot market forecasts differ by as much as tenfold.
Knowledge
Degree of freedom, actuator, torque and 60+ other robotics terms explained briefly in English, with the Polish equivalent for reading local sources.
Knowledge
What degrees of freedom (DOF) are, why one robot has 23 and another 43, and what the DOF count says about hand and finger dexterity.
Knowledge
Tesla Optimus in 2026: what Tesla has confirmed, separated from Musk's announcements. Production, price, Gen 3 and the delays.
Knowledge
Poland's robotization tax relief (ulga na robotyzację) in 2026: rules, eligible costs, deduction size, a worked example and the status of the extension beyond 2026.
Knowledge
Unitree H1, G1, R1 and H2 compared: prices, specs and the differences between models, and which robot suits which use.
Basics
A cobot is a collaborative robot. Here is how it differs from a classic industrial robot and when it pays off.
Basics
A plain-language explanation of what a humanoid robot is built from and how it makes decisions.