Agriculture: robots roll onto the field

The land is the same; what is missing is hands

In row crops such as beets or onions, work is decided by a short weeding window, and regulations limit the use of chemicals. In Poland a specific structure adds to this: the average farm has a few more than ten hectares of farmland (GUS). That is not a size that makes it easy to earn back an investment in a robot costing hundreds of thousands of zloty. Unemployment in Poland is low (3.4% in July 2026 according to Eurostat, Polskie Radio; the GUS registered rate for August 2026 was 5.8%, GUS data of 23 September 2026, via money.pl), and in physical work (warehouses, production, agriculture) employers complain of trouble filling positions (see “Humanoid Robots and the Polish Labor Market”).

What robots can do in the field today

Three real tasks: sowing with recorded seed positions, mechanical or laser weeding, and precision spraying. Everything beyond that is at the prototype or pilot stage.

The best example is the Danish FarmDroid. The FD60 model handles, according to the manufacturer, up to 18 hectares a day and is recommended for about 60 hectares per season; its battery is charged by solar panels and a built-in range extender, and it records the position of each sown seed with a claimed accuracy of 8 mm (FarmDroid). That lets it hit the spaces between plants, not the plants, during mechanical weeding. More detail in the article “Robots in Farming: How Field Automation Looks in Poland”.

Models: what we know, what we don't

Naio Oz is a compact robot for small vegetable farms from Escalquens (Naio Technologies). Payload 60 kg, up to 8 hours of work, GNSS RTK navigation along a field map (Naio). It sows, weeds, loosens soil and carries loads. Price on request only; we have not confirmed a distributor in Poland.

Ecorobotix ARA is a Swiss precision sprayer (maker: Ecorobotix). The ARA620 has a working speed of up to 7.2 km/h (2 m/s), 6 camera modules and 156 nozzles spaced 4 cm apart, and its rear module weighs 1,200 kg (Ecorobotix). According to the manufacturer, it cuts plant-protection product use by as much as 95% compared with spraying the whole area. We stress: that is a manufacturer claim. Ecorobotix also says its machines work in over 20 countries, but the list of those countries has not been independently confirmed.

Carbon Robotics LaserWeeder is an American LaserWeeder pulled by a tractor (maker: Carbon Robotics). It has 42 cameras and 30 lasers of 150 W each, and according to the manufacturer it has more than 100 users in North America, Europe and Australia since its commercial launch in February 2022. It needs a tractor of at least 175 hp (Carbon Robotics). The price has not been disclosed, and presence in Poland has not been confirmed.

Unitree B2-W is an industrial wheeled quadruped that is not an agricultural robot, but it shows where transport in rough terrain is heading: payload up to 120 kg (x-kom). In Poland you can buy it at x-kom for PLN 349,000 (≈ EUR 79,970 at NBP rate 4.3641 of 21 October 2026) (price checked on 2 October 2026). The seller points to logistics, education and demonstrations for it, not agriculture, so treat it as inspiration, not a recommendation.

Polish prototypes and Polish companies

It is worth knowing that we are not merely an importer. The Poznań Institute of Technology and the Institute of Aviation from the Łukasiewicz Research Network, together with the company Unia, built an autonomous field robot for maize called "Polski Robot": it has a precision spot seeder, a sprayer and a mechanical weeding module with cameras, and according to Łukasiewicz it is soon to reach the market (Łukasiewicz). Husarion makes mobile terrain platforms such as the Panther (55 kg, payload up to 120 kg), which the manufacturer points to for agriculture, construction and inspection (Husarion); it sells them as a base for integrators, not as a ready-made robot for the farmer. More on domestic companies: “Polish Robotics Companies”. Autonomous tractors, such as those from the Dutch AgXeed, are a separate and more expensive class of machine.

What this means for a farm

A robot of the FarmDroid FD60 class (recommended for about 60 ha per season, according to the manufacturer) fits the profile of a large, compact field with row crops: sowing and weeding in one pass, less dependence on seasonal workers. With an average farm of a little over ten hectares (GUS), buying such a robot rarely pays back. The solution is often renting for a season, a joint purchase by several farms, or a service provided by a specialist company. Gradual digitalization is often enough here: GPS navigation and section control of spraying deliver part of the savings at a fraction of a robot's price.

Buying: who sells

The distribution market is narrow. Ask the manufacturer and importer about FarmDroid availability in Poland. Naio, Ecorobotix and Carbon Robotics have no Polish distributors known to us, so contact them directly and ask about pilots or trials in your region. Until a Polish dealer with service sells specific robots, count on the risk: a long repair time in season is a real cost.

Costs and funding

We do not state prices that have not been confirmed. The honest reasoning goes like this: a robot replaces part of seasonal labor and of plant protection products. The robotization tax relief does not cover agricultural activity (“Poland's Robotization Tax Relief”; podatki.gov.pl), so farmers should look for support in agricultural programs and EU competitions, such as KPO and FENG. Check current calls directly at mapadotacji.gov.pl, kpo.gov.pl and parp.gov.pl; we have not confirmed budgets for 2026.

Three questions for the farm before you call the importer

First: do you have row crops on a compact area? Sowing and weeding robots assume rows and repeatable spacing, so meadows, orchards and irregularly shaped fields are not their terrain. Second: who is your service provider at the peak of the season? A breakdown in May, when weeds are growing, costs more than the robot itself, so ask about response time and spare parts. Third: is the RTK signal (satellite corrections) stable where you are and available without extra fees? Centimeter-level navigation is the foundation of robots like Naio Oz or FarmDroid. We also write about navigation and sensors in the entries for Hesai and Luxonis.

Bottom line

Agriculture is one of the most promising fields for robots and at the same time one of the least mature markets in Poland. The technology (laser, camera, RTK) works. The barriers are farm scale, price and service. If you run large, compact vegetable crops, start with a conversation with the FarmDroid importer and with renting. If you have a few hectares, start with digitalization and watch robots from the side. And anyone with a small garden will find practical tips in the garden section, and inspiration from other industries in warehouses. We cover robots from the specialist segment in the category “Specialist robots”.